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| Reflux uropathy ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Vesicoureteral reflux
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into the ureters/kidneys. Urine normally travels in one direction (forward, or antegrade) from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, with a 1-way valve at the ureterovesical (ureteral-bladder) junction preventing backflow. The valve is formed by oblique tunneling of the distal ureter through the wall of the bladder, creating a short length of ureter (1-2 cm) that can be compressed as the bladder fills. Reflux occurs if the ureter enters the bladder without sufficient tunneling, i.e., too "end-on."
==Signs and symptoms==
Most children with vesicoureteral reflux are asymptomatic. Vesicoureteral reflux may be diagnosed as a result of further evaluation of prenatal hydronephrosis or hydroureter (abnormal widening of the ureter), as well as reflux in a sibling (routine testing in either circumstance is controversial). Reflux also increases risk of urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis, so testing for reflux may be performed after a child has one or more infections.
In infants, the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection may include only fever and lethargic, with poor appetite and sometimes foul-smelling urine, while older children typically present with dysuria and frequent urination.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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